Salvo que se indique lo contrario, Fotografías Perdurables © por el Grupo de Investigación en Materia de Fotografías se publica bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional .
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I. Deterioros químicos

  1. En la imagen

  • Amarillamiento

  • Cambio cromático

  • Corrosión superficial  

  • Desvanecimiento

  • Desvanecimiento localizado

  • Espejo de plata

  • Mancha inducida por luz

  • Mancha por mal procesado

  • Mancha redox

  • Velo blanquecino

2. En el aglutinante o en capas y acabados superficiales

  • Amarillamiento 

  • Amarillamiento de acopladores 

  • Microcraquelado

  • Reblandecimiento

  • Reticulación

  • Depósitos biológicos

*Manchas, concreciones, velos, filamentos o puntos causados por hongos o moho 

*Manchas o puntos causados por insectos

d) De plástico

  • Acanalamiento

  • Amarillamiento 

  • Deformación 

  • Encogimiento

  • Exudación de plastificantes (cristales o burbujas)

  • Friabilidad

  • Liberación de ácido

  • Pulverización

  • Regeneración del tinte antihalo

e) De piel 

  • Pudrición roja

4. En cualquiera de los anteriores

  • Daño por agua

  • Huella dactilar

  • Mancha

  • Quemadura

  • Pérdida

  • Perforación

  • Polvo

  • Rayón

  • Residuo

  • Rotura

  • Sangrado de tinta

  • Trasminación de tinta

II. Deterioros por agentes biológicos

  • Disolución 

  • Pérdida

  • Perforaciones y galerías

3. En el soporte o en elementos del soporte secundario, estuche o paquete

a) De papel, cartulina o cartón 

  • Amarillamiento 

  • Corrosión de tinta 

  • Desvanecimiento de tinta

  • Friabilidad 

  • Imagen réplica

  • Mancha de adhesivo 

  • Mancha de corrosión

  • Mancha de foxing 

  • Mancha por frentes de secado

b) De metal

  • Corrosión

c) De vidrio

  • Craquelado fino

  • Depósito cristalino

  • Exudación

  • Velo blanco

  • Desprendimiento

  • Doblez

  • Enrollamiento

  • Exfoliación

  • Grieta

  • Hendidura

  • Mugre

  • Ondulación

1. En la imagen, aglutinante, capas y acabados superficiales, soporte, soporte secundario, estuche o paquete

II. Deterioros físicos

1. En la imagen, aglutinante, capas y acabados superficiales, soporte, soporte secundario, estuche o paquete

2.Procesos fotográficos: negativos sobre papel

Blanquart-Évrard, Louis-Désiré. “Photographie sur papier; moyen d’obtenir l’image à la chambre noire sur papier sec (Préparation du papier positif à l’albumine).” Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences 30 no. 21 (1850): 663-665.

———. “Procédés employés pour obtenir les Épreuves de Photographie sur Papier.” Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences 24, no. 4 (1847): 117-123. 

———. Traité de photographie sur papier. Paris: Roret, 1851

Brettel, Richard, Roy Flukinger, Nancy Keeler y Sydney Mallett Kilgore. Paper and Light, the Calotype in France and Great Britain 1839 – 1870. Boston: David R. Godin, 1984.

Burbank W. H. The Photographic Negative. New York: Scovill Manufacturing Company, 1888. 

Crookes, W. “On the wax and waxing paper.” Journal of the Photographic Society, September 21 (1855): 231-232.

Cundell, G. S. “On the practice of the Calotype Process of Photography.” The London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science 3rd series 24, no.160, (1844): 321-332.

Daffner, Lee Ann. “‘A transparent atmosphere”: The Paper Negatives of Frédéric Flachéron in the Harrison D. Horblit Collection.” Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 42 (2003): 425-439.

De Valicourt. Nouveau Manuel Complet de Photographie sur Métal, sur Papier et sur Verre. Paris: La Librairie Encyclopédique De Roret, 1862.  

Eder, Josef Maria. History of Photography. New York: Columbia University Press, 1945. 

Eremin, Katherine, James Tate y James Berry. “On the Chemistry of John and Robert Adamson’s Salted Paper Prints and Calotype Negatives.” History of Photography 27, no. 1 (2003). 

Fenton, Roger. “Photography on waxed paper.” En A guide to Photography. 5.ª ed. London: Horne, Thornthwaite and Wood, 1852. 

Fitt, George Robert. “On waxed paper.” The Liverpool Photographic Journal 3. vol. no. 25 (1856): 1-11. 

Freeman, Sarah. “The Art and Science of the Paper Negative.” En Real Ideal, Photography in Mid-Nineteenth-Century France, editado por Karen Hellman, 53-54. Los Angeles: The J. Paul Getty Museum, 2016.

Furlonge, W. Holland. "On the Calotype Process." Photographic Notes 1, no. 1 (1 January 1856): 10-13.

Gaudin, Antoine. “Substitution du bromure au chlorure d'iode dans les opérations photographiques,” Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L’Académie des Sciences 13, no. 16 (1841): 832.

Gernsheim, Helmut y Alisson Gernsheim. The History of Photography. USA: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1969.

Gernsheim, Helmut. A Concise History of Photography. 3rd ed. New York: Dover Publications, 1986.  

Jammes, Andre y Eugenia Parry Janis. The Art of the French Calotype with a Critical Dictionary of Photographers, 1845 – 1870. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1983.

Jennings, Katherine. “Research into the Conservation of Nineteenth Century Paper Negatives.” Capstone Project of Andrew W. Mellon Fellowship Advanced Residency Program in Photograph Conservation. Rochester: George Eastman House, 2003.

Kraus, Hans P. Sun Pictures, Catalogue Six: Dr. Thomas Keith and John Forbes White. New York, N.Y: Hans P. Kraus Jr. Fine Photography, 1993.

Le Gray, Gustave. Nouveau traité théorique et pratique de photographie sur papier et sur verre. Paris: Lerebours et Secretan, 1851. 

———. “On a new mode of preparing negative photographic paper.” Comptes Rendus 23, (1851).

———. Photographic Manipulation: The Waxed Paper Process. 3.ª ed. London: George Knight and Sons, 1855.

———. Practical Treatise on Photography, upon Paper and Glass. Traducido por Thomas Cousins. London: T & R Willats, 1850. 

———. Traite Pratique de Photographie sur Papier et sur Verre. Paris: Germer Baillière, 1850.

Morris, Richard. “Calotype Negatives.” En Coming into Focus. A step- by-step Guide to Alternative Photographic Printing Processes. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2000. 

Osman, H. C. “Calotype papers and Richard Turner of Chafford Mills.” The Quarterly. The Journal of the British Association of Paper Historians 22, (1997): 1-6. 

Reinhold, Nancy. “The exhibition of an Early Photographic Drawing by William Henry Fox Talbot.” Topics in Photographic Preservation. The American Institute for Conservation 5, (1993): 89-94.

Schaaf, Larry J. Out of the Shadows, Herschel, Talbot and the Invention of Photography. New Haven & London: Yale University Press, 1992. 

———. “‘Splendid Calotypes’ Henry Talbot, Amelia Guppy, Sir Thomas Phillipps, and Photographs on Paper.” En Six Exposures. Essays in Celebration of the Opening of the Harrison D. Horblit Collection of Early Photography. Harvard University, 1999.    

———. Sun Pictures, Catalogue Seven, Photogenic Drawings by William Henry Fox Talbot. New York: Hans P. Kraus Jr. Fine Photography, 1995. 

———. Sun Pictures, Catalogue Ten, British Paper Negatives 1839 – 1864. New York: Hans P. Kraus Jr. Fine Photography, 2001. 

———. The Photographic Art of William Henry Fox Talbot. N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2000. 

Sisson,  Joseph Lawson. The Turpentine Waxed Paper Process. London: A. Marion & Co., 1858.

———. “The Turpentine Waxed Paper Process.” The Photographic News 2, no. 50 (August 19, 1859). 

Snelling, Henry Hunt. The History And Practice of the Art of Photography. New York: Morgan & Morgan, inc. Publishers, 1849. https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/168/pg168-images.html

Sutton, Thomas. The Calotype Process. A handbook to photography on paper. London: Joseph Cundall, 1855. 

———. “Photographic Processes. The wax-paper process.” Photographic Notes 1, no. 14, 1 (1856): 217-222. 

Talbot, William Henry Fox. “An Account of Some Recent Improvements In Photography.” Proceedings of the Royal Society 4, no. 48 (1841): 312 – 316.

———. “Calotype (Photogenic) Drawing. February 19, 1841.” Journal of the Belles Lettres no. 1258, February 27, 1841. 

———. “Some account of the Art of Photogenic Drawing, or the process by which natural objects may be made to delineate themselves without the aid of the artist’s pencil.” Leído ante the Royal Society January 31 1839, London, 1839.

———. “The Process of the Talbotype (formerly called the calotype) Photogenic Drawing.” Communicated to the Royal Society, June 10, 1841, London: J. L. Cox & Sons, 1841.

Taylor, Roger y Mike Ware. Pilgrims of the sun’, The Chemical Evolution of the Calotype 1840-1852. History of Photography 27, no. 4 (Winter 2003): 308-319.

“The Talbotype-Sun-pictures.” The Art-Union 8, London (June 1, 1846): 143-144.

Thornthwaite, W. H. A guide to Photography.  5th edition. London: Horne, Thornnthwaite and Wood, 1852. 

Towler, J. “Negatives on paper.” The Silver Sunbeam: A Practical and Theoretical Text-book on Sun Drawing and Photographic Printing. New York: Joseph H. Ladd, 1864.

F. Townshend, “Photographic Apparatus. “On the quality of paper required for Photographic purposes, more particularly for the wax-paper process.” Journal of the Photographic Society 1, no. 30, 21 May 1855, pp. 166-167.

Trutat, Eugène. Traité Practique de Photographie sur Papier Négatif. Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1892.

2a.Procesos fotográficos: negativos sobre papel

Blanquart-Évrard, Louis-Désiré. “Photographie sur papier; moyen d’obtenir l’image à la chambre noire sur papier sec (Préparation du papier positif à l’albumine).” Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences 30 no. 21 (1850): 663-665.

———. “Procédés employés pour obtenir les Épreuves de Photographie sur Papier.” Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences 24, no. 4 (1847): 117-123. 

———. Traité de photographie sur papier. Paris: Roret, 1851

Brettel, Richard, Roy Flukinger, Nancy Keeler y Sydney Mallett Kilgore. Paper and Light, the Calotype in France and Great Britain 1839 – 1870. Boston: David R. Godin, 1984.

Burbank W. H. The Photographic Negative. New York: Scovill Manufacturing Company, 1888. 

Crookes, W. “On the wax and waxing paper.” Journal of the Photographic Society, September 21 (1855): 231-232.

Cundell, G. S. “On the practice of the Calotype Process of Photography.” The London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science 3rd series 24, no.160, (1844): 321-332.

Daffner, Lee Ann. “‘A transparent atmosphere”: The Paper Negatives of Frédéric Flachéron in the Harrison D. Horblit Collection.” Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 42 (2003): 425-439.

De Valicourt. Nouveau Manuel Complet de Photographie sur Métal, sur Papier et sur Verre. Paris: La Librairie Encyclopédique De Roret, 1862.  

Eder, Josef Maria. History of Photography. New York: Columbia University Press, 1945. 

Eremin, Katherine, James Tate y James Berry. “On the Chemistry of John and Robert Adamson’s Salted Paper Prints and Calotype Negatives.” History of Photography 27, no. 1 (2003). 

Fenton, Roger. “Photography on waxed paper.” En A guide to Photography. 5.ª ed. London: Horne, Thornthwaite and Wood, 1852. 

Fitt, George Robert. “On waxed paper.” The Liverpool Photographic Journal 3. vol. no. 25 (1856): 1-11. 

Freeman, Sarah. “The Art and Science of the Paper Negative.” En Real Ideal, Photography in Mid-Nineteenth-Century France, editado por Karen Hellman, 53-54. Los Angeles: The J. Paul Getty Museum, 2016.

Furlonge, W. Holland. "On the Calotype Process." Photographic Notes 1, no. 1 (1 January 1856): 10-13.

Gaudin, Antoine. “Substitution du bromure au chlorure d'iode dans les opérations photographiques,” Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L’Académie des Sciences 13, no. 16 (1841): 832.

Gernsheim, Helmut y Alisson Gernsheim. The History of Photography. USA: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1969.

Gernsheim, Helmut. A Concise History of Photography. 3rd ed. New York: Dover Publications, 1986.  

Jammes, Andre y Eugenia Parry Janis. The Art of the French Calotype with a Critical Dictionary of Photographers, 1845 – 1870. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1983.

Jennings, Katherine. “Research into the Conservation of Nineteenth Century Paper Negatives.” Capstone Project of Andrew W. Mellon Fellowship Advanced Residency Program in Photograph Conservation. Rochester: George Eastman House, 2003.

Kraus, Hans P. Sun Pictures, Catalogue Six: Dr. Thomas Keith and John Forbes White. New York, N.Y: Hans P. Kraus Jr. Fine Photography, 1993.

Le Gray, Gustave. Nouveau traité théorique et pratique de photographie sur papier et sur verre. Paris: Lerebours et Secretan, 1851. 

———. “On a new mode of preparing negative photographic paper.” Comptes Rendus 23, (1851).

———. Photographic Manipulation: The Waxed Paper Process. 3.ª ed. London: George Knight and Sons, 1855.

———. Practical Treatise on Photography, upon Paper and Glass. Traducido por Thomas Cousins. London: T & R Willats, 1850. 

———. Traite Pratique de Photographie sur Papier et sur Verre. Paris: Germer Baillière, 1850.

Morris, Richard. “Calotype Negatives.” En Coming into Focus. A step- by-step Guide to Alternative Photographic Printing Processes. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2000. 

Osman, H. C. “Calotype papers and Richard Turner of Chafford Mills.” The Quarterly. The Journal of the British Association of Paper Historians 22, (1997): 1-6. 

Reinhold, Nancy. “The exhibition of an Early Photographic Drawing by William Henry Fox Talbot.” Topics in Photographic Preservation. The American Institute for Conservation 5, (1993): 89-94.

Schaaf, Larry J. Out of the Shadows, Herschel, Talbot and the Invention of Photography. New Haven & London: Yale University Press, 1992. 

———. “‘Splendid Calotypes’ Henry Talbot, Amelia Guppy, Sir Thomas Phillipps, and Photographs on Paper.” En Six Exposures. Essays in Celebration of the Opening of the Harrison D. Horblit Collection of Early Photography. Harvard University, 1999.    

———. Sun Pictures, Catalogue Seven, Photogenic Drawings by William Henry Fox Talbot. New York: Hans P. Kraus Jr. Fine Photography, 1995. 

———. Sun Pictures, Catalogue Ten, British Paper Negatives 1839 – 1864. New York: Hans P. Kraus Jr. Fine Photography, 2001. 

———. The Photographic Art of William Henry Fox Talbot. N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2000. 

Sisson,  Joseph Lawson. The Turpentine Waxed Paper Process. London: A. Marion & Co., 1858.

———. “The Turpentine Waxed Paper Process.” The Photographic News 2, no. 50 (August 19, 1859). 

Snelling, Henry Hunt. The History And Practice of the Art of Photography. New York: Morgan & Morgan, inc. Publishers, 1849. https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/168/pg168-images.html

Sutton, Thomas. The Calotype Process. A handbook to photography on paper. London: Joseph Cundall, 1855. 

———. “Photographic Processes. The wax-paper process.” Photographic Notes 1, no. 14, 1 (1856): 217-222. 

Talbot, William Henry Fox. “An Account of Some Recent Improvements In Photography.” Proceedings of the Royal Society 4, no. 48 (1841): 312 – 316.

———. “Calotype (Photogenic) Drawing. February 19, 1841.” Journal of the Belles Lettres no. 1258, February 27, 1841. 

———. “Some account of the Art of Photogenic Drawing, or the process by which natural objects may be made to delineate themselves without the aid of the artist’s pencil.” Leído ante the Royal Society January 31 1839, London, 1839.

———. “The Process of the Talbotype (formerly called the calotype) Photogenic Drawing.” Communicated to the Royal Society, June 10, 1841, London: J. L. Cox & Sons, 1841.

Taylor, Roger y Mike Ware. Pilgrims of the sun’, The Chemical Evolution of the Calotype 1840-1852. History of Photography 27, no. 4 (Winter 2003): 308-319.

“The Talbotype-Sun-pictures.” The Art-Union 8, London (June 1, 1846): 143-144.

Thornthwaite, W. H. A guide to Photography.  5th edition. London: Horne, Thornnthwaite and Wood, 1852. 

Towler, J. “Negatives on paper.” The Silver Sunbeam: A Practical and Theoretical Text-book on Sun Drawing and Photographic Printing. New York: Joseph H. Ladd, 1864.

F. Townshend, “Photographic Apparatus. “On the quality of paper required for Photographic purposes, more particularly for the wax-paper process.” Journal of the Photographic Society 1, no. 30, 21 May 1855, pp. 166-167.

Trutat, Eugène. Traité Practique de Photographie sur Papier Négatif. Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1892.

3.Procesos fotográficos: negativos sobre papel

Blanquart-Évrard, Louis-Désiré. “Photographie sur papier; moyen d’obtenir l’image à la chambre noire sur papier sec (Préparation du papier positif à l’albumine).” Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences 30 no. 21 (1850): 663-665.

4.Conservacion de fotografias

Blanquart-Évrard, Louis-Désiré. “Photographie sur papier; moyen d’obtenir l’image à la chambre noire sur papier sec (Préparation du papier positif à l’albumine).” Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences 30 no. 21 (1850): 663-665.

5.Preservacion y almacenamiento

Blanquart-Évrard, Louis-Désiré. “Photographie sur papier; moyen d’obtenir l’image à la chambre noire sur papier sec (Préparation du papier positif à l’albumine).” Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences 30 no. 21 (1850): 663-665.

6.Preservacion y almacenamiento

Blanquart-Évrard, Louis-Désiré. “Photographie sur papier; moyen d’obtenir l’image à la chambre noire sur papier sec (Préparation du papier positif à l’albumine).” Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences 30 no. 21 (1850): 663-665.

7.Digitalizacion y reprografia

Blanquart-Évrard, Louis-Désiré. “Photographie sur papier; moyen d’obtenir l’image à la chambre noire sur papier sec (Préparation du papier positif à l’albumine).” Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences 30 no. 21 (1850): 663-665.

Procesos fotográficos: negativos sobre vidrio

Mees, C. E. K. The Fundamentals of Photography. 3.ª ed. Rochester: Eastman Kodak Co., 1927.

Wilhelm, Henry y Carol Brower. The Permanence and Care of Color Photographs: Traditional and Digital Color Prints, Color Negatives, Slides, and Motion Pictures. Grinnell, Iowa: Preservation Publ. Co, 1993.

Historia de la tecnología de los procesos fotográficos

Hoyos Velasco, Susana Aurora. “Evaluación de dos productos biocidas en impresiones fotográficas de plata gelatina en soporte de papel de fibra.” Tesis de Licenciatura, Escuela Nacional de Conservación, Restauración y Museografía “Manuel Del Castillo Negrete”, 2018.

Laguna Monroy, Ishtar y Elia Alejandra Mendoza Olmos. “Conservación y Documentación de Archivos Fotográficos de Autor”. Tesis de Licenciatura, Escuela Nacional de Conservación, Restauración y Museografía “Manuel Del Castillo Negrete”, 2006. 

Conservación de fotografías

Lavédrine, Bertrand, Jean-Paul Gandolfo, y Sibylle Monod. A Guide to the Preventive Conservation of Photograph Collections. Traducido por Sharon Grevet. Los Angeles: Getty Conservation Institute, 2003. https://www.getty.edu/publications/resources/virtuallibrary/9780892367016.pdf

Salgado Aguayo, Dolores Cecilia. “Bóvedas De Almacenamiento, Una Estrategia Para La Conservación De Fotografías”. Tesis de Licenciatura, Escuela Nacional de Conservación, Restauración y Museografía “Manuel Del Castillo Negrete”, 2005.

Preservación y almacenamiento

Boadas i Raset, Joan, Lluís-Esteve Casellas, y M. Angels Suquet i Fontana. Manual para la gestión de fondos y colecciones fotográficas. Biblioteca de la imagen 3. Girona: CCG Ediciones, Centre de Recerca i Difusió de la Imatge (CRDI), Ajuntament de Girona, 2001.

Gestión y manejo de colecciones

Digitalización y reprografía

Howard Besser, Sally Hubbard, y Deborah Lenert. Introduction to imaging, revised edition. Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute, 2003.

Murtha Baca, ed. Introducción a los metadatos: vías a la información digital. Traducido por Marisol Jacas-Santoll. Los Angeles, CA: J. Paul Getty Trust, 1999.

The Technical Guidelines for Digitizing Cultural Heritage Materials: Third Edition. Federal Agencies Digital Guidelines Initiative, 2023. https://www.digitizationguidelines.gov/guidelines/FADGITechnicalGuidelinesforDigitizingCulturalHeritageMaterials_ThirdEdition_05092023.pdf. Consultado el 18 de julio de 2025.